The How and Why of Ufos by Kenneth W. Behrendt

Author:Kenneth W. Behrendt
Format: epub

Another interesting detail about the chains of MVPs that compose the magnetic field lines described above is that they are not merely curving line segments of various fixed lengths between a magnet’s poles. Rather, they are all continuous loops that extend through the air between the external poles of a magnet and then continue to pass through the body of the magnet from its south pole back again to its north pole.

Since magnetic field lines readily penetrate objects placed in their paths, it is possible to make them pass through various types of surfaces which are placed perpendicular to them as shown in Figure 33(b). These surfaces could be sheets of a nonmagnetic material, the external faces of a permanent magnet’s poles, the imaginary surface of a core’s end opening whose diameter is defined by the diameter of the windings of an electromagnetic coil, or any plane surface area imagined to be floating in a region of space that a magnetic field occupies.

When the magnetic field lines point away from a surface (or, using the inaccurate language of elementary magnetic theory, are said to “flow away” or “be leaving” the surface), the spin axes of their component MVPs on that side of the surface will be pointing away from the surface. Rather than having to actually draw all of the magnetic field lines with their attached arrowheads, this situation can be simply graphically represented by just drawing a single large dot (“●”) on that side of the surface.

On the other hand, when the magnetic field lines point toward a surface (or, again using the inaccurate language of elementary magnetic theory, are said to “flow toward” or “be entering” the surface), the spin axes of their component MVPs on that side of the surface will be pointing toward the surface. This situation can then quickly be depicted by simply drawing a single large cross (“X”) on that side of the surface. Interestingly, whenever a magnetic field line penetrates a surface, whether material or imaginary, that surface must always have a dot on one of its sides and a cross on the other side. If only one surface of a material is visible that shows one of the above symbols, one should then always imagine the complimentary symbol to be on the hidden side.

There is a simple way of rationalizing this easy to remember convention based upon the imagined interaction of the spin axes of a magnetic field’s component MVPs with the plane of an interposing surface, but since this was discussed in chapter 3, there is no need to repeat it here. Let us now consider some of the properties of electric fields and how their field lines can be depicted in illustrations.

Just as curving lines and closed loops with arrowheads placed along their lengths are used to graphically represent some of the magnetic field lines that make up a magnetic field, so too can such lines and arrowheads be used to depict the electric field lines that make up an electric field.

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